Goniometric measurements of the forelimb and hindlimb joints in sheep.
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2012 Apr 25;25(4)
Authors: Govoni VM, Rahal SC, Agostinho FS, Concei��o RT, Tsunemi MH, El-Warrak AO
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate angle-of-motion values for the forelimb and hindlimb in clinically healthy adult Santa Ines sheep by means of a standard goniometer. Methods: Twenty female Santa Ines sheep, ranging in age between three- to six-years-old, and weighing 32-45 kg (mean � standard deviation [SD]: 30.4 � 3.7) were used. A standard transparent plastic goniometer was used to measure passive maximum flexion, maximum extension, and range-of-motion (ROM) of the shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle, and tarsal joints in the right and left limbs. The goniometric measurements were done with the sheep awake and in a standing position. The measurements were made in triplicate by two independent investigators. Results: In all evaluated joints, there was no significant difference either between the means of the two sides or between measurements performed by the two investigators. The mean � SD values of the measurements (degrees) were as follows: 20 � 1 (flexion), 170 � 2 (extension), and 150 � 2 (ROM) for the carpal joint; 34 � 4 (flexion), 145 � 6 (extension), and 110 � 4 (ROM) for the elbow joint; 88 � 2 (flexion), 144 � 6 (extension), and 56 � 5 (ROM) for shoulder joint; 35 � 4 (flexion), 163 � 3 (extension), and 129 � 4 (ROM) for tarsal joint; 46 � 4 (flexion), 146 � 6 (extension), and 100 � 4 (ROM) for the stifle joint; 54 � 3 (flexion), 143 � 7 (extension), and 89 � 5 (ROM) for the hip joint. Clinical significance: The data obtained provide useful and objective information on the joints. More studies are necessary using other sheep breeds.
PMID: 22535465 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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