Effect of adipose tissue-derived osteogenic and endothelial cells on bone allograft osteogenesis and vascularization in critical-sized calvarial defects.

Effect of adipose tissue-derived osteogenic and endothelial cells on bone allograft osteogenesis and vascularization in critical-sized calvarial defects.

Tissue Eng Part A. 2012 Mar 22;

Authors: Cornejo A, Sahar DE, Stephenson SM, Chang S, Nguyen S, Guda T, Wenke JC, Vazquez A, Michalek JE, Sharma R, Krishnegowda NK, Wang HT

Abstract
The use of processed bone allograft to repair large osseous defects of the skull has been limited given that it lacks the osteogenic cellularity and intrinsic vascular supply which are essential elements for successful graft healing and, at the same time, the areas to be targeted through tissue engineering applications. In this study we investigated the effect of predifferentiated rat adipose tissue derived osteoblastic cells (OBs) and endothelial cells (ECs) on calvarial bone allograft healing and vascularization using an orthotopic critical-sized calvarial defect model. For this purpose, thirty-seven 8 mm critical calvarial defects in Lewis rats were treated with bone allografts seeded with: no cells, undifferentiated adipose stem cells (ASC), OBs, ECs, and OBs and ECs simultaneously. After 8 weeks the bone volume and mineral density were calculated using micro computed tomography and the microvessel formation using immunohistochemical staining and imaging software. The amount of bone within the 8 mm defect was significantly higher for the allografts treated ECs compared to the allografts treated with OBs (p= 0.05) and with the two cell lineages simultaneously (p= 0.02). There were no significant differences in bone formation between the latter two groups and the control groups (allografts treated with no cells and undifferentiated ASC). There were no significant differences in bone mineral density among the groups. The amount of microvessels was significantly higher in the group treated with ECs relative to all groups (p= <0.05). Our results show that the implantation of ASC derived ECs improves the vascularization of calvarial bone allografts at 8 weeks after treatment. This cell based vascularization strategy can be used to improve the paucity of perfusion in allogenic bone implants. However, in this study the treatment of allografts with OBs alone or in combination with ECs did not support bone formation or vascularization.

PMID: 22440012 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=22440012&dopt=Abstract

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